自動噴砂房操作規范與安全要點指南
自動噴砂房作為工業生產中常用的表面處理設備，其操作的規范性直接影響處理效果和生產安全。無論是手動自動噴砂房還是自動自動噴砂房，操作人員都必須嚴格遵循操作流程，并重視每一項安全要點，以避免設備故障和人身傷害事故的發生。
As a commonly used surface treatment equipment in industrial production, the standardization of operation of automatic sandblasting rooms directly affects the treatment effect and production safety. Whether it is a manual or automatic sandblasting room, operators must strictly follow the operating procedures and pay attention to every safety point to avoid equipment failure and personal injury accidents.
操作前的準備工作
Preparation work before operation
操作自動噴砂房前的準備工作是保證后續作業順利進行的基礎，需從設備檢查、環境整理和個人防護三個方面著手。
The preparation work before operating the automatic sandblasting room is the foundation for ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent operations, which needs to be carried out from three aspects: equipment inspection, environmental organization, and personal protection.
在設備檢查環節，首先要檢查壓縮空氣系統。確認空壓機的壓力是否穩定在設備規定的范圍內，一般來說，不同類型的自動噴砂房對氣壓要求不同，干式自動噴砂房的氣壓通常在 0.4-0.6MPa 之間，濕式自動噴砂房可能稍低。同時，要檢查壓縮空氣管路是否有泄漏，可通過涂抹肥皂水的方式檢測，若出現氣泡則說明存在泄漏，需及時修復。
In the equipment inspection process, the first step is to check the compressed air system. Confirm whether the pressure of the air compressor is stable within the range specified by the equipment. Generally speaking, different types of automatic sandblasting rooms have different requirements for air pressure. The air pressure in dry automatic sandblasting rooms is usually between 0.4-0.6MPa, while that in wet automatic sandblasting rooms may be slightly lower. At the same time, it is necessary to check whether there is a leak in the compressed air pipeline, which can be detected by applying soapy water. If bubbles appear, it indicates a leak and needs to be repaired in a timely manner.
磨料供給系統的檢查也不容忽視。對于干式自動噴砂房，要查看磨料倉內的磨料是否充足，且磨料的型號、粒度是否符合本次作業的要求。例如，清理金屬表面的厚銹跡可能需要選用粒度較大的金剛砂，而表面拋光則適合用玻璃珠。還要檢查磨料輸送管路是否通暢，有無堵塞現象，可通過手動疏通或壓縮空氣吹掃的方式排除堵塞。對于濕式自動噴砂房，需確認砂漿的配比是否合適，水泵或壓縮空氣驅動系統是否能正常工作，確保砂漿能順利輸送至噴槍。
The inspection of the abrasive supply system cannot be ignored. For dry automatic sandblasting rooms, it is necessary to check whether the abrasive in the abrasive chamber is sufficient, and whether the type and particle size of the abrasive meet the requirements of this operation. For example, cleaning thick rust on metal surfaces may require the use of larger grained diamond sand, while surface polishing is suitable for using glass beads. It is also necessary to check whether the abrasive conveying pipeline is unobstructed and whether there is any blockage. The blockage can be eliminated by manual dredging or compressed air blowing. For wet automatic sandblasting rooms, it is necessary to confirm whether the mortar ratio is appropriate, whether the water pump or compressed air drive system can work properly, and ensure that the mortar can be smoothly transported to the spray gun.
噴槍作為直接作用于工件的部件，其性能狀態至關重要。檢查噴槍的噴嘴是否磨損，若噴嘴出現較大磨損會導致噴砂效果下降，需及時更換。同時，要測試噴槍的開關是否靈敏，確保在操作過程中能靈活控制噴砂的啟停。
As a component that directly acts on the workpiece, the performance status of the spray gun is crucial. Check if the nozzle of the spray gun is worn. If there is significant wear on the nozzle, it will cause a decrease in sandblasting effect and needs to be replaced in a timely manner. At the same time, it is necessary to test whether the switch of the spray gun is sensitive to ensure that it can flexibly control the start and stop of sandblasting during operation.
環境整理方面，要保證作業區域整潔有序，無關物品需清理干凈，避免影響操作或造成安全隱患。作業區域的通風條件必須良好，尤其是干式自動噴砂房作業時，需開啟除塵設備并檢查其運行狀態，確保能有效降低空氣中的粉塵濃度。對于產生噪音較大的自動噴砂房，若作業區域靠近其他工作崗位，需采取適當的隔音措施，減少噪音污染。
In terms of environmental organization, it is necessary to ensure that the work area is clean and orderly, and unrelated items need to be cleaned up to avoid affecting operations or causing safety hazards. The ventilation conditions in the work area must be good, especially when working in a dry automatic sandblasting room. It is necessary to turn on the dust removal equipment and check its operating status to ensure that the dust concentration in the air can be effectively reduced. For automatic sandblasting rooms that generate significant noise, if the work area is close to other workstations, appropriate sound insulation measures should be taken to reduce noise pollution.
個人防護是保障操作人員安全的關鍵。操作人員必須穿戴好全套防護用品，包括防塵口罩或防毒面具（根據磨料類型選擇），防止吸入粉塵；防護眼鏡或面罩，避免磨料飛濺傷及眼睛和面部；耐磨手套，保護手部免受磨料和壓縮空氣的傷害；長袖防護服，減少身體皮膚與磨料的直接接觸。此外，若作業環境噪音超過 85 分貝，還需佩戴耳塞或耳罩。
Personal protection is the key to ensuring the safety of operators. Operators must wear a full set of protective equipment, including dust masks or gas masks (depending on the type of abrasive), to prevent inhalation of dust; Protective goggles or face shields to prevent abrasive splashes from injuring the eyes and face; Wear resistant gloves to protect hands from abrasive and compressed air damage; Long sleeved protective clothing reduces direct contact between the body's skin and abrasives. In addition, if the noise level in the work environment exceeds 85 decibels, earplugs or earmuffs should be worn.
操作過程中的規范流程
Standardized process during operation
自動噴砂房的操作過程需嚴格按照既定流程進行，以保證處理質量和操作安全，具體可分為試噴、正式作業和參數調整三個階段。
The operation process of the automatic sandblasting room must strictly follow the established procedures to ensure processing quality and operational safety. It can be divided into three stages: trial spraying, formal operation, and parameter adjustment.
試噴是正式作業前的重要步驟，目的是檢查設備運行狀態和參數設置是否合適。將一塊與待處理工件材質相同的廢料作為試噴件，放置在作業區域內。啟動自動噴砂房，按照預定的參數進行短時間噴砂，觀察試噴件的表面處理效果。若表面處理不徹底，可能是氣壓過低或磨料粒度不合適，可適當提高氣壓或更換更粗的磨料；若表面出現過度損傷，如金屬表面出現明顯的凹坑，則可能是氣壓過高或噴距過近，需降低氣壓或增大噴距。試噴過程中，要注意觀察設備各部分的運行情況，傾聽有無異常噪音，若發現問題需立即停機檢查。
Trial spraying is an important step before formal operation, aimed at checking the equipment's operating status and whether the parameter settings are appropriate. Place a piece of waste material with the same material as the workpiece to be processed as a test spray piece in the work area. Start the automatic sandblasting room, perform short-term sandblasting according to the predetermined parameters, and observe the surface treatment effect of the test spray piece. If the surface treatment is not thorough, it may be due to low air pressure or inappropriate abrasive particle size. The air pressure can be increased appropriately or a coarser abrasive can be replaced; If there is excessive damage on the surface, such as obvious pits on the metal surface, it may be due to high air pressure or too close spraying distance, and the air pressure needs to be reduced or the spraying distance needs to be increased. During the trial spraying process, it is important to observe the operation of each part of the equipment and listen for any abnormal noise. If any problems are found, the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection.
正式作業時，操作人員需根據工件的形狀和大小，選擇合適的夾持方式或放置位置，確保工件在噴砂過程中穩定，不會發生位移。對于手動自動噴砂房，操作人員應保持適當的噴距和噴射角度，噴距一般控制在 10-30cm 之間，噴射角度以 45°-90° 為宜，具體可根據處理需求調整。在噴砂過程中，應均勻移動噴槍，避免在同一位置長時間噴射，防止工件表面出現局部過度處理的情況。
During formal operations, operators need to choose the appropriate clamping method or placement position based on the shape and size of the workpiece to ensure stability and prevent displacement during sandblasting. For manual and automatic sandblasting rooms, operators should maintain appropriate spraying distance and angle, with spraying distance generally controlled between 10-30cm and spraying angle between 45 ° -90 °, which can be adjusted according to processing requirements. During the sandblasting process, the spray gun should be moved evenly to avoid spraying for a long time at the same position and prevent local over treatment of the workpiece surface.
自動自動噴砂房的操作則需在啟動前設置好相關參數，如輸送速度、噴砂時間、噴槍角度等。啟動設備后，要密切關注工件的輸送情況和噴砂效果，通過觀察窗或監控系統實時監控，若發現異常需及時按下急停按鈕，待設備停止后進行調整。
The operation of the automatic sandblasting room requires setting relevant parameters such as conveying speed, sandblasting time, spray gun angle, etc. before starting. After starting the equipment, it is necessary to closely monitor the conveying situation of the workpiece and the sandblasting effect. Real time monitoring should be carried out through observation windows or monitoring systems. If any abnormalities are found, the emergency stop button should be pressed in a timely manner, and adjustments should be made after the equipment stops.
參數調整應根據工件的處理效果逐步進行。在處理過程中，若發現表面清理不徹底，可適當提高氣壓或增加噴砂時間，但需注意不能超過設備的額定參數，以免影響設備壽命。若工件表面出現粗糙度不符合要求的情況，可通過更換磨料粒度來調整，例如需要更高的粗糙度可選用更粗的磨料，反之則選用更細的磨料。調整參數時，必須先停機，待設備完全停止運行后再進行，嚴禁在設備運行過程中進行參數調整或維修操作。
Parameter adjustment should be gradually carried out according to the processing effect of the workpiece. During the processing, if it is found that the surface cleaning is not thorough, the air pressure can be appropriately increased or the sandblasting time can be increased, but it should be noted that it cannot exceed the rated parameters of the equipment to avoid affecting its service life. If the surface roughness of the workpiece does not meet the requirements, it can be adjusted by changing the abrasive particle size. For example, if higher roughness is needed, coarser abrasives can be used, otherwise finer abrasives can be used. When adjusting parameters, it is necessary to stop the machine first and wait for the equipment to completely stop running before proceeding. Parameter adjustment or maintenance operations are strictly prohibited during equipment operation.
操作后的收尾工作
Closing work after operation
作業完成后的收尾工作同樣重要，不僅能保證設備的使用壽命，還能維持作業環境的整潔。
The finishing work after completing the homework is equally important, as it can not only ensure the service life of the equipment, but also maintain the cleanliness of the work environment.
首先要關閉設備電源和壓縮空氣源，確保設備處于完全停止狀態。對于干式自動噴砂房，需清理作業區域內的殘留磨料和粉塵，可使用吸塵器或掃帚進行清理，收集的廢磨料需按照環保要求進行處理，可回收利用的磨料要進行篩選后放入磨料倉。對于濕式自動噴砂房，要清理砂漿箱內的殘留物，清洗輸送管路，防止砂漿在管路內凝固堵塞。
Firstly, turn off the power and compressed air source of the equipment to ensure that it is completely stopped. For dry automatic sandblasting rooms, residual abrasives and dust in the work area need to be cleaned using a vacuum cleaner or broom. The collected waste abrasives need to be processed according to environmental requirements, and recyclable abrasives need to be screened and placed in the abrasive bin. For wet automatic sandblasting rooms, it is necessary to clean the residue inside the mortar box, clean the conveying pipeline, and prevent the mortar from solidifying and blocking in the pipeline.
設備的清潔保養是必不可少的環節。擦拭噴槍表面的灰塵和磨料殘留，檢查噴嘴的磨損情況并做好記錄，若磨損嚴重需及時更換。清理壓縮空氣過濾器，去除其中的水分和雜質，保證壓縮空氣的潔凈。對于自動自動噴砂房的輸送系統，要檢查鏈條或傳送帶的松緊度，添加潤滑油進行潤滑。
Cleaning and maintenance of equipment is an essential step. Wipe off dust and abrasive residue on the surface of the spray gun, check the wear of the nozzle and make records. If the wear is severe, replace it in a timely manner. Clean the compressed air filter to remove moisture and impurities, ensuring the cleanliness of the compressed air. For the conveyor system of the automatic sandblasting room, it is necessary to check the tightness of the chain or conveyor belt and add lubricating oil for lubrication.
最后，整理作業區域，將工具和防護用品歸位存放，關閉除塵設備和通風系統，填寫設備運行記錄，記錄本次作業的時間、處理工件數量、設備運行狀態及出現的問題等信息，為后續的設備維護和作業安排提供參考。
Finally, organize the work area, store tools and protective equipment in their designated locations, turn off dust removal equipment and ventilation systems, fill out equipment operation records, record the time, number of processed workpieces, equipment operation status, and any problems encountered during this operation, providing reference for subsequent equipment maintenance and work arrangements.
安全要點與應急處理
Safety points and emergency response
自動噴砂房操作過程中存在多種安全風險，操作人員必須牢記安全要點，并掌握基本的應急處理方法。
There are various safety risks during the operation of the automatic sandblasting room, and operators must remember the safety points and master the basic emergency response methods.
嚴禁在無防護措施的情況下進行噴砂作業，這是保障人身安全的底線。作業過程中，操作人員不得擅自離開崗位，若需暫時離開，必須停機并關閉電源和壓縮空氣源。非操作人員嚴禁進入作業區域，尤其是自動自動噴砂房的運行區域，需設置明顯的警示標識。
It is strictly prohibited to carry out sandblasting operations without protective measures, as this is the bottom line to ensure personal safety. During the homework process, operators are not allowed to leave their posts without authorization. If they need to temporarily leave, they must shut down the machine and turn off the power and compressed air source. Non operators are strictly prohibited from entering the work area, especially the operating area of the automatic sandblasting room, and clear warning signs must be set up.
設備運行過程中若出現異常情況，如異響、劇烈震動、火花等，操作人員應立即停機，切斷電源和壓縮空氣源，檢查原因并排除故障后才能重新啟動設備，嚴禁帶病運行。
If any abnormal situations occur during the operation of the equipment, such as abnormal noise, severe vibration, sparks, etc., the operator should immediately stop the machine, cut off the power and compressed air source, check the cause and eliminate the fault before restarting the equipment. It is strictly prohibited to operate with a fault.
粉塵爆炸是干式自動噴砂房作業中可能存在的嚴重安全隱患，因此作業區域內嚴禁明火，不得存放易燃易爆物品，同時要定期清理除塵設備內的粉塵，防止粉塵積聚。濕式自動噴砂房作業時，要防止水分進入壓縮空氣系統，以免造成設備損壞或影響噴砂效果。
Dust explosion is a serious safety hazard that may exist in the operation of dry automatic sandblasting rooms. Therefore, open flames are strictly prohibited in the work area, and flammable and explosive materials are not allowed to be stored. At the same time, dust in the dust removal equipment should be regularly cleaned to prevent dust accumulation. When operating in a wet automatic sandblasting room, it is necessary to prevent moisture from entering the compressed air system to avoid equipment damage or affecting the sandblasting effect.
若發生磨料飛濺傷及人員的情況，應立即停止作業，對受傷人員進行緊急處理，輕微劃傷可涂抹碘伏消毒，若傷口較深或傷及眼睛等重要部位，需立即送往醫院救治。若出現粉塵吸入導致呼吸困難等癥狀，應將患者轉移至通風良好的地方休息，情況嚴重者及時就醫。
If abrasive splashes injure personnel, the operation should be stopped immediately and the injured should be treated urgently. Minor scratches can be disinfected with iodine. If the wound is deep or affects important parts such as the eyes, it should be sent to the hospital for treatment immediately. If symptoms such as difficulty breathing due to dust inhalation occur, the patient should be transferred to a well ventilated place to rest, and those with severe conditions should seek medical attention in a timely manner.
設備發生火災時，操作人員要保持冷靜，立即切斷電源，使用合適的滅火器材進行滅火，如干粉滅火器，嚴禁用水撲滅電氣火災。同時，及時撥打火警電話尋求幫助。
When a fire occurs in the equipment, the operator should remain calm, immediately cut off the power, and use appropriate fire extinguishing equipment, such as dry powder fire extinguishers, to extinguish the fire. It is strictly prohibited to use water to extinguish electrical fires. At the same time, promptly call the fire department for assistance.
總之，自動噴砂房的操作規范和安全要點是保障生產順利進行和人員安全的重要基礎，操作人員必須嚴格遵守，定期接受安全培訓，不斷提高安全意識和操作技能，確保設備安全穩定運行。
In short, the operating standards and safety points of the automatic sandblasting room are important foundations for ensuring smooth production and personnel safety. Operators must strictly abide by them, receive regular safety training, continuously improve safety awareness and operating skills, and ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment.
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